DOI : 10.3986/Traditio2009380111       (PDF )
 
Naslov/Title
Stichic and Stanzaic Poetic Form in Estonian Tradition and in Europe
 
Avtorica/Author
Mari Sarv
 
Izvleček
V članku želim ugotoviti, zakaj sta dve plasti estonskega pesemskega izročila – ena pripada skupnemu baltskofinskemu izročilu, druga pa evropski ritmizirani pesemski tradiciji in baladam – v mnogočem tako različni. Zato sem jih postavila v širši evropski kontekst in raziskala zamiranje nekitičnih oblik pesmi in naraščanje kitičnih verznih oblik. Obe obliki besedila pesmi sta bili poznani po vsej Evropi, toda nekitična oblika je bila kmalu nadomeščena s kitično in je tako postala najpogostejša verzna oblika povsod po Evropi. Ker je diferenciacija obeh tradicij v estonskem izročilu zelo značilna, obe sta bili v zadnjem času zapisani istočasno, lahko analiza in kontekstualizacija estonskih plasti izročila osvetlita tudi razvoj v evropski pesemski tradiciji.

Abstract
In the current article I am trying to find out why two layers of Estonian song-tradition – one forming part of common Baltic-Finnic heritage and the other belonging together with European rhymed folk-song and ballad tradition – are so remarkably different in several aspects. I have, therefore, placed them into broader, European context, exploring the decline of non-stanzaic or stichic verse-forms and the expansion of rhymed, stanzaic verse-forms. Both organization principles of texts are or have been known all over Europe, but the earlier stichic forms have for the most part given way to rhymed stanzaic verse-forms, which have – sooner or later – become predominant almost everywhere in Europe. As the differentiation is explicit in the case of Estonian and the parallel traditions have been recorded simultaneously in quite recent times, the analyzing and contextualising of Estonian tradition-layers might shed some light to the developments in European traditional poetics as well.
 
Ključne besede
estonske ljudske pesmi, pesemska struktura, verzna in kitična forma, rima, ustno in pisno, razvoj individualizma, balade

Keywords
Estonian folksong, poetic form, stichic vs. stanzaic verse-forms, rhyme, orality and literacy studies, development of individualism, ballads.
 
Viri/References
Abondolo, Daniel
2001 A Poetics Handbook. Verbal Art in the European Tradition. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
Colbert, David
1989 The Birth of the Ballad. The Scandinavian Medieval Genre. Stockholm: Svenskt visarkiv (Skrifter utgivna av Svenskt visarkiv; 10).
Gasparov, M. L.
1996 A History of European Versification. Oxford: Clarendon Press
Hiebert Beissinger, Margaret
1988 Text and Music in Romanian Oral Epic. Oral Tradition 3 (3): 294-314 (http://journal.oraltradition.org/issues/3iii/beissinger).
Hiiemäe, Mall
2006 Kosmogoonilise harja otsimine. In : Lintrop, Addo (ed.), Regilaul – esitus ja tolgendus. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum (Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiivi toimetused; 23), 21-48.
2009 Miks ma ei taha rääkida kriisi ületamisest? Kriis?!? Eesti folkloristide 4. talvekonverents. Teesid. Tartu: EKM Teaduskirjastus, 5 (http://www.folklore.ee/rl/fo/konve/2009/ftk/teesid.pdf).
Laugaste, Eduard
1963 Eesti rahvaluuleteaduse ajalugu I. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
Lintrop, Aado
2001 The Great Oak and Brother-Sister. Folklore [Tartu] 16: 34-56 (http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol16/oak2.pdf).
Lang, Valter
2008 Eestlased ja leedulased – aegade algusest erinevad. Eesti Paevaleht 31.12.2008 (http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/453558).
Lippus, Urve
2005 Linear Musical Thinking: A theory of musical thinking and the runic song tradition of Baltic Finnish peoples. Helsinki: University of Helsinki (Studia Musicologica Universitatis Helsingiensis; VII).
Lotman, Mihhail
1998 Värsisüsteemidest. Peamiselt eesti ja vene värsi näitel. Akadeemia 9-10: 1846-1874; 2058-2078.
Merilai, Arne
1997 Time models in Estonian traditional and literary Ballads. Folklore [Tartu] 3: 131-146 (http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol3/merilai1.htm).
Ong, Walter J.
1982 Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London, New York: Routledge.
Ots, Loone
1996 Mehetapja naine skandinaavia keskaegses ballaadis. Rein Sepa 75. sunniaaastapaevale puhendatud konverentsi ettekandematerjalid (http://my.tele2.ee/rein_sepp/ots.htm).
Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan (eds.)
1993 The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Sarv, Mari
2008 Loomiseks loodud: regivarsimoot traditsiooniprotsessis. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum (Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiivi Toimetused; 26).
Tampere, Herbert et al.
2003 Anthology of Estonian Traditional Music. Textbook. Recordings from the Estonian Folklore Archives 3. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum.
Tedre, Ülo
2008 Rahvaluule. In: Viires, A. and E. Vunder (eds.), Eesti rahvakultuur. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 423-448.
Vargyas, Lajos
1983 Hungarian Ballad and the European Ballad Tradition. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Viitso, Tiit-Rein
2003 Rise and development of the Estonian language. Estonian Language. Linguistica Uralica supplementary series. Volume 1 (ed. by Mati Erelt). Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 130–230.
Ward, Donald
1978 The Origin of the Ballad: Urban Setting or Rural Setting. In: Conroy, Patricia (ed.), Ballads and Ballad Research. Seattle: University of Washington, 46-57.
Wiik, Kalevi
1996 On the Baltic Sea Prosodic Area. In: Lehiste, Ilse and Jaan Ross (eds.), Estonian Prosody. Papers form a Symposium. Tallinn: Institute of Estonian Language.